'It's Psychologically Healthy to Prepare'
Experts explain what you need—and what you don't—to stay alive
during a catastrophe
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9402086
By Karen Springen
Newsweek
Updated: 8:25 a.m. ET Sept. 20, 2005
Sept. 20, 2005 - For many Americans, Hurricane Katrina has
served as a wake-up call. After viewing the devastation and
displacement that followed the hurricane, residents across the
country are asking what they need to do—and not do—to prepare
for the worst (even while hoping for the best). "It's
psychologically healthy to prepare. A resilient mindset is a
mindset that allows you to think logically, to communicate, to
problem-solve, to confront the challenges that face you rather
than hiding and avoiding them," says University of Utah
psychologist Sam Goldstein, coauthor of "The Power of
Resilience" (McGraw-Hill). "Accept that the world is a place in
which things are going to happen that are beyond my control, for
which it pays for me to be prepared."
In each of his family's cars, Goldsteing keeps a pillowcase-size
bag with a reasonable number of supplies—water, food, a
flashlight and a radio. What would be overboard? "Filling my
entire trunk with enough food to survive six months," he says.
Ideally, as was evident in the Gulf Coast, you should have
enough provisions to be self-sufficient for at least 48 to 72
hours. Experts also stress the need to talk to kids about how to
handle themselves in emergencies, including gas leaks and fires,
not just hurricanes and tornadoes. That means talking about
where flashlights are kept and about where to meet in case of an
emergency. Here are other important steps you can take to be
prepared for any emergency:
IDENTIFY SAFE PLACES: Consider what type of disaster is possible
where you live. "If you're in coastal Florida, you're not prone
to earthquakes," says Dr. Michael Van Rooyen, an attending
physician at Harvard's Brigham & Women's Hospital who has set up
medical and relief operations in many natural and war-related
disaster zones. "In a flood, you're not going to want to store
stuff in a basement." Regardless, at least every six months,
practice getting to appropriate safe places: a strong structure
on high ground for hurricanes, a basement for tornadoes, under
tables for earthquakes. Stay away from windows. Families that
live near areas prone to forest fires or hurricanes need to know
how to get away from their homes by car or public
transportation. Keep bus route information or a map and a plan
for where you would drive. Before a disaster strikes, consider
talking to friends or family in other cities about whether you
could stay with them if you had to evacuate, and make sure to
establish a meeting place for all family members in case you're
separated. If possible, take classes in first aid and CPR.
IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS: Store copies of passports, driver's
licenses, birth certificates and other essential documents in a
special plastic box in your house, and also at a relative's
house.
MEDICAL INFORMATION: Make sure an emergency responder can find
basic information about medical problems and
prescriptions—either by carrying it on a card (preferably
laminated) in a wallet or purse or keeping it electronically
through MedicAlert bracelets. Dr. Alfred Sacchetti, a member of
the pediatrics committee for the American College of Emergency
Physicians, also recommends storing vital medical information in
a jar in the refrigerator. In disasters, "refrigerators tend to
survive," he says. "The house gets blown up, the refrigerator
tends to withstand it." Send an extra copy to a relative in a
different city. The nonprofit MedicAlert Foundation (medicalert.org
or 888-ALERT-90), based in Turlock, Calif., makes bracelets,
sports bands and pendants that give responders the information
they need to call a 24-hour emergency response center and get
electronic medical information about your prescriptions and
health conditions. Signing up for the service, which includes a
basic stainless steel bracelet or dog tag, costs $35 for the
first year and $20 for subsequent annual renewals. MedicAlert
also sells an E-HealthKey, which can contain extensive personal
medical information and plugs into a computer. For extra fees,
you can get jewelry in sterling silver, 14-karat gold and
titanium. The bracelets, which clasp on and do not easily fall
off, have helped reunite missing children with their parents and
confused Alzheimer's patients with their families. "It's
unlikely that a disaster is going to wipe out both your house
and the MedicAlert repository," says Sacchetti. Make sure family
members know what medication they're taking—not just that they
pop a green pill every morning—and know to take it with them.
"You don't want to be trying to get a prescription on the road,"
says psychiatrist Thomas Insel, director of the National
Institute of Mental Health.
MEDICINE: Keep an emergency supply of medicine, such as insulin
for diabetics, and check to make sure it has not expired. "It
would be nice if we had a month's supply of everything," says
Dr. David Schonfeld, director of the division of Developmental
and Behavioral Pediatrics at Cincinnati Children's Hospital
Medical Center and a spokesman for the American Academy of
Pediatrics. But he likes to see enough to last at least 48 to 72
hours, usually enough time for help to arrive. "You don't want
somebody going into withdrawal on an antidepressant in the
middle of a depressing event," says Dr. Zach Rosen, medical
director of the Montefiore Family Health Center in the Bronx and
chair of the Montefiore Medical Group's emergency-preparedness
committee.
FIRST-AID KIT: A basic kit with Band-Aids, a cold pack,
tweezers, scissors, antibiotic cream, gauze and acetaminophen or
other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories is a good idea. Make your
own kit, or buy a premade, basic, all-purpose one at a pharmacy.
(The American College of Emergency Physicians endorses one by
Johnson & Johnson.) "You don't want medications that you're not
really qualified to figure out how to give, you don't really
want tourniquets," says Schonfeld. But if a child has allergies,
keep an EpiPen (which is used to administer epinephrine, an
emergency treatment for severe allergic reactions). "What not to
have in the "go bag" are old antibiotics, which some people are
still carrying around from anthrax. They expire. And don't carry
around borrowed medications from other people," says Rosen. Also
include spare eyeglasses, contacts and contact lens solution.
OTHER DISASTER SUPPLIES: Prepare a kit with flashlights, extra
batteries (AA or AAA and D are good), spare car keys, money, a
credit card and one change of clothing per person, recommends
the American College of Emergency Physicians (acep.org). Duct
tape (developed during World War II to provide a waterproof seal
for ammunition casings) can often come in handy. "It's useful
because it's got so many different uses," says 3M spokesman Ron
Wenaas. "But we don't recommend trying to seal a house with it.
It's not safe." Check insurance company Web sites for good
information, too. Statefarm.com, for example, advises that if
you live in hurricane country, you should stock plywood and
other materials to board up windows before you leave. And check
FEMA's fema.gov or AreYouReady.gov for supply checklists and
extensive directions on how to prepare for disasters from fires
to storms. FEMA's site also lets you print out a disaster
coloring book to help kids understand what to do. And consider
making a special kid-friendly kit with paper, waterproof
markers, a favorite toy or doll, a deck of cards and a treasure
box. You also need to pack trash bags, bar soap, antibacterial
wipes, toilet paper, toothbrushes and toothpaste and shampoo.
RADIOS AND PHONES: Keep a battery-powered radio (and extra
batteries) for news and threat information. "Communication is
everything," says Rosen. Invest in a plain telephone that
doesn't require a power cord. If the electricity goes out, the
phone company may still be able to supply enough power through
the phone cord to allow you to make and receive calls, says
Rosen. With cell phones, program in important numbers for
relatives and doctors. It's voluntary and free for the nation's
195 million wireless-phone subscribers to enter "ICE" emergency
numbers into their cell phones. Some caveats: in an emergency,
you may become separated from your phone. And an emergency
responder may not know how to get access to your phone
(particularly if you password-protect it)—and may not have time
to try.
FOOD AND WATER: Keep enough water to last three days—a gallon
per person per day. And store nonperishable food in a cool, dry
place. "Canned food would be an excellent emergency-preparedness
food because you can eat it right out of the can without warming
it," says registered dietitian and spokeswoman Ruth Frechman of
the American Dietetic Association (eatright.org). Don't forget
to store a nonelectric can opener and to check expiration dates
on food. Typically, canned goods last about a year. "Most of
that stuff you have to recycle every year," says Frechman.
Consider canned tuna (a good source of protein), granola bars,
shelf-stable milk, crackers (in waterproof bags or containers)
and peanut butter and jelly. Remember that a full freezer will
remain at freezing temperature for two days after the power goes
off if the doors remain closed. Don't forget special supplies,
such as formula for babies. Also stow paper plates and plastic
utensils. (See aap.org for complete information on a Family
Readiness Kit.) And remember to pack for pets: dry and canned
food, extra water, litter-box supplies and a traveling cage.
It is important to be prepared, but resist going overboard. (At
http://www.FrugalSquirrels.com, a British Berkefeld Crown
Berkey eight-filter system for water is $477. At
http://www.SurvivorDepot.com, an "inflatable safe room"
starts at $3,100.) But disaster experts recommend sticking to
the basics suggested by groups like FEMA and the Red Cross.
Happy packing.
© 2005 Newsweek, Inc.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9402086/site/newsweek/page/2/
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