Scripps Howard News Service - Aug 1, 2006
http://www.scrippsnews.com/911poll
Third of Americans suspect 9-11 government conspiracy
By THOMAS HARGROVE
Scripps Howard News Service
More than a third of the American public suspects that
federal
officials assisted in the 9/11 terrorist attacks or took
no action to
stop them so the United States could go to war in the
Middle East,
according to a new Scripps Howard/Ohio University poll.
The national survey of 1,010 adults also found that
anger against the
federal government is at record levels, with 54 percent
saying they
"personally are more angry" at the government than they
used to be.
Widespread resentment and alienation toward the national
government
appears to be fueling a growing acceptance of conspiracy
theories
about the 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the
Pentagon.
Suspicions that the 9/11 attacks were "an inside job" _
the common
phrase used by conspiracy theorists on the Internet _
quickly have
become nearly as popular as decades-old conspiracy
theories that the
federal government was responsible for President John F.
Kennedy's
assassination and that it has covered up proof of space
aliens.
Seventy percent of people who give credence to these
theories also say
they've become angrier with the federal government than
they used to
be.
Thirty-six percent of respondents overall said it is
"very likely" or
"somewhat likely" that federal officials either
participated in the
attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon or
took no action
to stop them "because they wanted the United States to
go to war in
the Middle East."
"One out of three sounds high, but that may very well be
right," said
Lee Hamilton, former vice chairman of the National
Commission on
Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (also called
the 9/11
commission.) His congressionally appointed investigation
concluded
that federal officials bungled their attempts to
prevent, but did not
participate in, the attacks by al Qaeda five years ago.
"A lot of people I've encountered believe the U.S.
government was
involved," Hamilton said. "Many say the government
planned the whole
thing. Of course, we don't think the evidence leads that
way at
all."
The poll also found that 16 percent of Americans
speculate that
secretly planted explosives, not burning passenger jets,
were the real
reason the massive twin towers of the World Trade Center
collapsed.
Conspiracy groups for at least two years have also
questioned why the
World Trade Center collapsed when fires that heavily
damaged similar
skyscrapers around the world did not cause such
destruction. Sixteen
percent said it's "very likely" or "somewhat likely"
that "the
collapse of the twin towers in New York was aided by
explosives
secretly planted in the two buildings."
Twelve percent suspect the Pentagon was struck by a
military cruise
missile in 2001 rather than by an airliner captured by
terrorists.
That lower percentage may result from an effort by the
conservative
Washington-based Judicial Watch advocacy group to debunk
the claim.
The group filed claims under the Freedom of Information
Act and got
two fill loops released from Pentagon security cameras.
"Some people claim they can't see anything, but I see a
plane hitting
the Pentagon at incredibly high speed," said Judicial
Watch President
Tom Fitton. "I see the nose of the plane clearly
entering the frame of
one video and the tail of the plane entering the
Pentagon in the other
video."
Many conspiracy Web sites have posted the video loops
and report the
films are inconclusive or were manipulated by the
government.
"Some folks will never be convinced," Fitton said. "But
I'm hoping
that these videos will dissuade reasonable people from
falling into a
trap with these conspiracy theories."
University of Florida law professor Mark Fenster, author
of the book
"Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American
Culture," said the
poll's findings reflect public anger at the unpopular
Iraq war,
realization that Saddam Hussein did not have weapons of
mass
destruction and growing doubts of the veracity of the
Bush
administration.
"What has amazed me is not that there are conspiracy
theories, but
that they didn't seem to be getting any purchase among
the American
publi...il the last year or so," Fenster said. "Although
the Iraq
war was not directly related to the 9/11 attacks, people
are now
looking back at 9/11 with much more skepticism than they
used to."
Conspiracy-believing participants in the poll agree
their suspicions
are recent.
"I certainly didn't think of conspiracies when 9/11
first happened,"
said Elaine Tripp, 62, of Tabernacle, N.J. "I don't know
if President
Bush was aware of the exact time it was going to happen.
But he
certainly didn't do enough to stop it. Bush was so
intent on having
his own little war."
Garrett Johnson, 19, of Manassas, Va., said it was "well
after the
fact" before he started questioning the official
explanation of the
attacks. "But then people I know started talking about
it. And the
Internet had a lot to do with this. After reading all of
the different
articles there, I started to think we weren't being told
the truth."
The Scripps Survey Research Center at Ohio University
has tracked the
level of resentment people feel toward the federal
government since
1995, starting shortly after Timothy McVeigh bombed the
federal
building in Oklahoma City. Forty-seven percent then said
they,
personally, feel "more angry at the federal government"
than they used
to. That percentage dropped to 42 percent in 1997, 34
percent in 1998
and only 12 percent shortly after 9/11 during the
groundswell of
patriotism and support for the government after the
attacks.
But the new survey found that 77 percent say their
friends and
acquaintances have become angrier with government
recently and 54
percent say they, themselves, have become angrier _ both
record
levels.
The survey also found that people who regularly use the
Internet but
who do not regularly use so-called "mainstream" media
are
significantly more likely to believe in 9/11
conspiracies. People who
regularly read daily newspapers or listen to radio
newscasts were
especially unlikely to believe in the conspiracies.
"We know that there are a lot of people now asking
questions," said
Janice Matthews, executive director of 911Truth.org, one
of the most
sophisticated Internet sites raising doubts about
official
explanations of the attacks. "We didn't have the
Internet after Pearl
Harbor, the Gulf of Tonkin or the Kennedy assassination.
But we live
in different times now."
Matthews' Web site averaged 4,000 "hits" a day last
year, but
currently has at least 12,000 visits every 24 hours. The
site,
according to its online policy statement, is dedicated
to showing the
public that "elements within the U.S. government must
have
orchestrated or participated in the execution of the
attacks for these
to have happened the way in which they did."
Participants in the poll were asked to respond to
"several serious
accusations that some people have made against the
federal government
in recent years." Five conspiracy theories were
described and
participants were asked if each was "very likely,
somewhat likely or
unlikely."
The level of suspicion of U.S. official involvement in a
9/11
conspiracy was only slightly behind the 40 percent who
suspect
"officials in the federal government were directly
responsible for the
assassination of President Kennedy" and the 38 percent
who believe
"the federal government is withholding proof of the
existence of
intelligent life from other planets."
The poll found that a majority of young adults give at
least some
credence to a 9/11 conspiracy compared to less than a
fourth of people
65 or older. Members of racial and ethnic minorities,
people with only
a high school education and Democrats were especially
likely to
suspect federal involvement in 9/11.
The survey was conducted by telephone from July 6-24 at
the Scripps
Survey Research Center at the University of Ohio under a
grant from
the Scripps Howard Foundation. The poll has a margin of
error of 4
percentage points.
[Thomas Hargrove is a reporter for Scripps Howard News
Service. Guido
H. Stempel III is director of the Scripps Survey
Research Center at
Ohio University.]
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