Tahir D. OB
What is the PKK ? Who is Abdullah Öcalan ?
Mon Feb 27, 2006 02:23
64.140.158.12
Tahir D. OB
tdanaci@gmail.com wrote:
What is the PKK ?
The PKK (Kurdish acronym for the "Kurdistan Workers' Party"), formed in 1978 by Abdullah Öcalan, is the most notorious terror organization in the world. It has been waging a vicious campaign of terror against Turkey since 1984 with the external support of certain states and circles whose aim is to destabilize Turkey.
The PKK was identified as one of the 30 main terrorist organizations in the world by the US Secretary of State in October 1997, and it was also described in the same way in US State Department "Patterns of Global Terrorism" reports.
PKK’s terrorist activities have resulted, to date, in the death of thousands of people, including women, the elderly, children and in many instances even infants. The PKK has also murdered over one hundred school teachers, who became inevitable targets of the terrorists since it was judged that PKK’s subversive views could be most easily imposed on the uneducated and the ignorant. Lists giving the figures of ordinary individuals and public servants, ruthlessly killed or maimed by the PKK terrorists, are in annex.
The PKK has employed murder, intimidation, kidnapping and destruction to achieve its nefarious objectives. It targets ordinary people, because it aims to subjugate the local population in southeastern Turkey into supporting its evil deeds. The PKK has attacked the entire inhabitants of villages in southeast Anatolia. These attacks are also designed to make the region uninhabitable. The PKK destroys schools, sets forests on fire, blows up railways and bridges, plants mines on roads, burns down construction machinery, and demolishes health centers. A list containing the figures of material damage caused by PKK’s terrorist attacks is also in annex.
In response, the authorities trained the villagers to defend themselves and also moved some people to locations where they would be safer. These two measures, intended to protect the local population against terrorism, have been at the center of a misinformation campaign by the PKK and its sympathizers.
The PKK indiscriminately murders the very people on whose behalf it purports to act : Turkish citizens of Kurdish origin. Ironically, the PKK regards Masud Barzani’s Kurdish
PKK Terrorism : Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publication
Democratic Party and Jalal Talabani’s Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, the two main Kurdish groupings in northern Iraq, as its adversaries.
Due to its ability to strike Turkey from Syria and (after the 1991 Gulf War) northern Iraq, the PKK proved for some time a serious threat to law and order and claimed many victims. Following its operations against PKK facilities in northern Iraq Turkey restored law and order throughout the southeastern provinces.
The PKK has been supported and sheltered by some of Turkey’s neighbors, as well as by some others outside the region. Syria and Greece are the principal countries that have been supporting the PKK for years. However, with the signing of Adana memorandum on October 20, 1998, the Syrian connection has been broken. Syrian authorities have promised not to support terrorist activities against Turkey and taken some steps in this direction. Turkey closely monitors Syrian compliance with the Adana agreement. Yet, Greece, a NATO ally, backs the PKK and its affiliates by every means at its disposal. Confessions and testimonies of dozens of PKK militants arrested in Turkey reveal that Greek support to PKK terrorism goes much beyond than what was generally estimated. Most recently, revelations made by the PKK member Fethi Demir and by Şemdin Sakık, PKK’s "second man" captured in northern Iraq, have helped to confirm concretely the continuing Greek support to the PKK. The statement made by Greek Premier Simitis on November 26, 1998, leaves no room for doubt about the position of Greece vis-a-vis the PKK : "the PKK is an organization fighting for the rights of the Kurdish minority and using various means to reach this end." Can there be a more explicit approval of PKK terrorism? There is of course other evidence and documentation concerning Grek support to PKK terrorism.
The PKK terrorist organization, among others, employs the following methods in the perpetration of its crimes:
a) Indiscriminate terror against the Turkish citizens of Kurdish ethnic origin mainly in southeastern Turkey. Targets included children, women, and the elderly. In some places PKK terrorists have wiped out isolated, dispersed settlements and hamlets. The aim is to force the local population into submission, to make them provide sanctuary.
b) Indiscriminate terror against non-Kurdish population. The purpose is to discredit the state institutions and to cause instability.
c) Terror against selected targets.
· Assassination of well known personalities, judicial, law enforcement and security personnel.
· Assassination of state functionaries that provide services to the local population in southeastern Turkey (civil servants, teachers, health personnel, technical personnel, etc.).
· Assassination of village guardsmen and their families.
· Attacks on and occupation of official missions of Turkey abroad (diplomatic, consular, commercial, tourism, etc.) as well as headquarters or branch offices of semi-official institutions (Turkish Airlines offices, banks, etc.).Attacks and acts of arson against the houses, business facilities, associations and mosques of the Turkish community living in western Europe, mainly in Germany. These acts of terror are mostly carried out through proxies and front organizations that are permitted by the authorities of the host countries to operate in those states.
d) Terror within the ranks of the PKK, against informants and repentant militants. Over the years, Öcalan has ordered the killing of numerous PKK defectors and potential rivals.
In the past decade, the PKK has conducted assassinations, kidnappings and acts of arson in Western Europe against former PKK members and defectors. Assassinations of PKK defectors occurred in Sweden in 1984 and 1985; in Denmark in 1985; in the Netherlands in 1987 and 1989; in Germany in 1986, 1987, and 1988.
e) Wider hit and run tactics against border posts and military patrols.
f) Terrorist attacks against industrial infrastructure, oil facilities, social facilities, and tourist sites with the aim of weakening the Turkish economy and tarnishing its image. As part of these terror acts, the PKK bombed passenger trains, ferryboats, and buses.
Several of these attacks resulted in civilian casualties. In 1993 and 1994 it also staged a series of kidnappings of foreigners in southeastern Turkey to frighten away tourists and to embarrass the Turkish government.
g) The head of the terrorist organization PKK has advocated and ordered the use of suicide bombings against Turkish targets that resulted in the deaths of security personnel and civilians, and injuries to many more.
Obviously, such an enterprise of crime and violence like the PKK requires colossal human and financial resources. As there are no legitimate ways or means to obtain the required resources, PKK’s only option is to resort to illegal and illegitimate methods. Hence, the PKK is heavily engaged in organized crime activities, including extortion, drug trafficking, arms smuggling, human smuggling (illegal immigration), and abduction of children. Such racketeering takes place particularly in western Europe.
The PKK has been carrying out its activities abroad through its front organization ERNK (Kurdish acronym for the "Kurdistan National Liberation Front"), the so-called "Kurdistan Parliament in Exile", its mouthpiece MED TV, and through other affiliated offices, centers and associations.
Through these front establishments, the PKK organizes and carries out its illegal activities. It also uses them to make its propaganda so as to influence and mislead the public opinion in west European countries for obtaining popular support to its subversive ends.
The abduction of children and youngsters in some European countries by these front organizations deserves special mention. According to police reports and press articles in several west European countries, the PKK recently organized kidnappings of children, of 14-17 years of age, in Varmland/Sweden through the ERNK, and in Celle/Germany through "Kurdish Information Bureaus", or "Kurdish Culture Centers". The statements of some of the abducted children, as well as press and police reports reveal that the PKKkidnapped these youngsters, took them to its camps, located in some other west European countries, and forced them into training as terrorist militants. The Turkish authorities spared no effort in drawing the attention of the west European countries to such criminal and illegal activities of the PKK, but unfortunately their calls to prevent these activities usually fell on deaf ears. The complaints of the children’s families, however, attracted the attention of the public and thus created a strong reaction towards what the PKK and its affiliates have in fact been doing for years. The police in Sweden and Germany are now investigating the matter.
Terrorism constitutes today one of the most serious violations of human rights, in particular the fundamental right to life. By murdering thousands of people, the PKK has violated the right to life. Therefore, all the PKK terrorists, including their head Öcalan,
must answer in the court of law for their crimes.
All societies threatened by terrorism have the right to take appropriate measures to protect themselves from violence and to eradicate terrorism. Turkey’s fight against the PKK terrorism is of this nature and aims not only to maintain security and to protect its citizens, but also to pave the way for economic and social development in the regions where this is needed most. This fight against terrorism observes democratic principles and the rule of law, with great care being given to respect the rights of innocent civilians.
Who is Abdullah Öcalan ?
Abdullah Öcalan was born in the province of Sanliurfa in 1949. He speaks Turkish and has only a poor grasp of some Kurdish dialects. He had a conventional education and his original wish was to be an officer in the Turkish Army. He failed the entrance examination for the military academy. He did, however, gain admission in 1971 to the Ankara University Political Sciences Faculty. There, he joined the underground movements trying to overthrow Turkey’s parliamentary system. He was expelled from the university for non-attendance and his illegal activities.
The cell of terrorists which he controlled soon broke links with other groups. It was known for its use of extreme violence and the "Apocu’s" (Followers of Abdullah Öcalan), as the PKK was called in its early days, had a special trademark: they hacked off the
noses of their opponents. In the late 1970’s, Öcalan collaborated closely with the Soviet Union and with Syria which were attempting to create political turmoil in Turkey. In 1980, Öcalan fled to Syria. He began to use Syrian facilities, including camps in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanese territory under Syrian control, to train terrorist groups for crossborder terrorist attacks against targets in Turkey. He started to inject an ethnic dimension to his terrorist activities, though this usually had to be imposed on local populations by violent means, including the kidnapping young men at gun point and then forcing them to undergo indoctrination and join his movement. In August 1984, Öcalan’s terrorist groups began attacking Turkish police stations and similar targets in the southeastern provinces north of the border with Syria and Iraq.
The PKK operates along the familiar lines of traditional communist parties and carries out terrorist activities under the rigid direction of its Central Committee. Both its "political" and "military" wings are controlled directly by Öcalan. As its sole head, Öcalan, has callously masterminded thousands of PKK’s terrorist activities against Turkey and its people. As such, he has been responsible for thousands of deaths, kidnappings, mutilations and attacks on innocent people during his long years as a Professional terrorist and murderer.
In October 1998, Turkey warned Syria that it would take action unless it ceased its support for Öcalan and PKK terrorism. It formally requested the extradition of Öcalan to Turkey. As a result, Öcalan was compelled to leave Syria where he had been given shelter for almost two decades. Furthermore, by an agreement signed between the two countries on October 20, 1998 in Adana/Turkey, the Syrian Government for the first time designated the PKK as a terrorist organization, and pledged not to allow the presence and the activities of the PKK on its territory. Later, Öcalan was forced to leave Moscow, where he had escaped from Syria, following political and diplomatic contacts between Turkey and the Russian Federation.
Öcalan was apprehended in Rome while trying to illegally enter Italy with a false passport on November 12, 1998. As the British Government put it, Öcalan’s arrest was "a significant advance in the international community’s fight against terrorism."
Öcalan is not only a terrorist but also a common criminal, being sought by the Turkish courts under charges of homicide and incitement to homicide. There is thus a red corner bulletin for him issued by the Interpol. In accordance with a court decision given in 1990, Germany also had an arrest warrant on Öcalan again for homicide and incitement to homicide. All democratic, law-abiding countries as well as international institutions are obligated to take a consistent and firm stance in combating terrorism and bringing terrorists to justice. Under obligations and commitments within the framework of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the NATO, and the EU, no country or government can provide terrorists with safe-haven or evade its responsibilities in the efforts to eliminate terrorism. Therefore, Öcalan should never be granted political asylum anywhere and he has to be extradited to Turkey to face trial for his crimes against Turkish citizens.
PKK’s Involvement in Organized Crimes
The PKK engages in organized crimes such as drug trafficking and arms smuggling, extortion, human smuggling, abduction of children and money laundering in an attempt to recruit militants and to obtain financial resources needed to carry out its terrorist activities.
The "Sputnik Operation" conducted in a coordinated fashion in some European countries in September 1996 exposed PKK’s links with organized crime and money laundering activities.
On the other hand, it is known that the PKK, together with other organized crime gangs, is also behind the recent wave of illegal immigration to Italy. PKK’s objective is to create international pressure and antipathy against Turkey.
Moreover, the PKK plays an important role in drug trafficking which constitutes one of the most evil crimes of our age. The British weekly magazine "The Spectator" underlined this fact in its 28 November-5 December 1998 issue by saying that "…According to the British security services sources the PKK is responsible for 40 percent of the heroin sold in the European Union…" .
Drug Trafficking and Terrorist Organizations
All terrorist organizations need to raise funds to sustain their violent activities and resort to illegal means to finance their crimes. Drug trafficking comes at the top of this list of illegal money raising activities, followed by robbery, extortion, kidnapping, blackmailing and arms smuggling.
In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that terrorism and drug trafficking are intertwined. The terms "narco-terrorism" and "narco-terrorists" have started to gain circulation in describing the link between terrorist organizations and narcotics smugglers. This fact is illustrated by certain
What is the PKK ?
The PKK (Kurdish acronym for the "Kurdistan Workers' Party"), formed in 1978 by Abdullah Öcalan, is the most notorious terror organization in the world. It has been waging a vicious campaign of terror against Turkey since 1984 with the external support of certain states and circles whose aim is to destabilize Turkey.
The PKK was identified as one of the 30 main terrorist organizations in the world by the US Secretary of State in October 1997, and it was also described in the same way in US State Department "Patterns of Global Terrorism" reports.
PKK’s terrorist activities have resulted, to date, in the death of thousands of people, including women, the elderly, children and in many instances even infants. The PKK has also murdered over one hundred school teachers, who became inevitable targets of the terrorists since it was judged that PKK’s subversive views could be most easily imposed on the uneducated and the ignorant. Lists giving the figures of ordinary individuals and public servants, ruthlessly killed or maimed by the PKK terrorists, are in annex.
The PKK has employed murder, intimidation, kidnapping and destruction to achieve its nefarious objectives. It targets ordinary people, because it aims to subjugate the local population in southeastern Turkey into supporting its evil deeds. The PKK has attacked the entire inhabitants of villages in southeast Anatolia. These attacks are also designed to make the region uninhabitable. The PKK destroys schools, sets forests on fire, blows up railways and bridges, plants mines on roads, burns down construction machinery, and demolishes health centers. A list containing the figures of material damage caused by PKK’s terrorist attacks is also in annex.
In response, the authorities trained the villagers to defend themselves and also moved some people to locations where they would be safer. These two measures, intended to protect the local population against terrorism, have been at the center of a misinformation campaign by the PKK and its sympathizers.
The PKK indiscriminately murders the very people on whose behalf it purports to act : Turkish citizens of Kurdish origin. Ironically, the PKK regards Masud Barzani’s Kurdish
PKK Terrorism : Ministry of Foreign Affairs Publication
Democratic Party and Jalal Talabani’s Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, the two main Kurdish groupings in northern Iraq, as its adversaries.
Due to its ability to strike Turkey from Syria and (after the 1991 Gulf War) northern Iraq, the PKK proved for some time a serious threat to law and order and claimed many victims. Following its operations against PKK facilities in northern Iraq Turkey restored law and order throughout the southeastern provinces.
The PKK has been supported and sheltered by some of Turkey’s neighbors, as well as by some others outside the region. Syria and Greece are the principal countries that have been supporting the PKK for years. However, with the signing of Adana memorandum on October 20, 1998, the Syrian connection has been broken. Syrian authorities have promised not to support terrorist activities against Turkey and taken some steps in this direction. Turkey closely monitors Syrian compliance with the Adana agreement. Yet, Greece, a NATO ally, backs the PKK and its affiliates by every means at its disposal. Confessions and testimonies of dozens of PKK militants arrested in Turkey reveal that Greek support to PKK terrorism goes much beyond than what was generally estimated. Most recently, revelations made by the PKK member Fethi Demir and by Şemdin Sakık, PKK’s "second man" captured in northern Iraq, have helped to confirm concretely the continuing Greek support to the PKK. The statement made by Greek Premier Simitis on November 26, 1998, leaves no room for doubt about the position of Greece vis-a-vis the PKK : "the PKK is an organization fighting for the rights of the Kurdish minority and using various means to reach this end." Can there be a more explicit approval of PKK terrorism? There is of course other evidence and documentation concerning Grek support to PKK terrorism.
The PKK terrorist organization, among others, employs the following methods in the perpetration of its crimes:
a) Indiscriminate terror against the Turkish citizens of Kurdish ethnic origin mainly in southeastern Turkey. Targets included children, women, and the elderly. In some places PKK terrorists have wiped out isolated, dispersed settlements and hamlets. The aim is to force the local population into submission, to make them provide sanctuary.
b) Indiscriminate terror against non-Kurdish population. The purpose is to discredit the state institutions and to cause instability.
c) Terror against selected targets.
· Assassination of well known personalities, judicial, law enforcement and security personnel.
· Assassination of state functionaries that provide services to the local population in southeastern Turkey (civil servants, teachers, health personnel, technical personnel, etc.).
· Assassination of village guardsmen and their families.
· Attacks on and occupation of official missions of Turkey abroad (diplomatic, consular, commercial, tourism, etc.) as well as headquarters or branch offices of semi-official institutions (Turkish Airlines offices, banks, etc.).Attacks and acts of arson against the houses, business facilities, associations and mosques of the Turkish community living in western Europe, mainly in Germany. These acts of terror are mostly carried out through proxies and front organizations that are permitted by the authorities of the host countries to operate in those states.
d) Terror within the ranks of the PKK, against informants and repentant militants. Over the years, Öcalan has ordered the killing of numerous PKK defectors and potential rivals.
In the past decade, the PKK has conducted assassinations, kidnappings and acts of arson in Western Europe against former PKK members and defectors. Assassinations of PKK defectors occurred in Sweden in 1984 and 1985; in Denmark in 1985; in the Netherlands in 1987 and 1989; in Germany in 1986, 1987, and 1988.
e) Wider hit and run tactics against border posts and military patrols.
f) Terrorist attacks against industrial infrastructure, oil facilities, social facilities, and tourist sites with the aim of weakening the Turkish economy and tarnishing its image. As part of these terror acts, the PKK bombed passenger trains, ferryboats, and buses.
Several of these attacks resulted in civilian casualties. In 1993 and 1994 it also staged a series of kidnappings of foreigners in southeastern Turkey to frighten away tourists and to embarrass the Turkish government.
g) The head of the terrorist organization PKK has advocated and ordered the use of suicide bombings against Turkish targets that resulted in the deaths of security personnel and civilians, and injuries to many more.
Obviously, such an enterprise of crime and violence like the PKK requires colossal human and financial resources. As there are no legitimate ways or means to obtain the required resources, PKK’s only option is to resort to illegal and illegitimate methods. Hence, the PKK is heavily engaged in organized crime activities, including extortion, drug trafficking, arms smuggling, human smuggling (illegal immigration), and abduction of children. Such racketeering takes place particularly in western Europe.
The PKK has been carrying out its activities abroad through its front organization ERNK (Kurdish acronym for the "Kurdistan National Liberation Front"), the so-called "Kurdistan Parliament in Exile", its mouthpiece MED TV, and through other affiliated offices, centers and associations.
Through these front establishments, the PKK organizes and carries out its illegal activities. It also uses them to make its propaganda so as to influence and mislead the public opinion in west European countries for obtaining popular support to its subversive ends.
The abduction of children and youngsters in some European countries by these front organizations deserves special mention. According to police reports and press articles in several west European countries, the PKK recently organized kidnappings of children, of 14-17 years of age, in Varmland/Sweden through the ERNK, and in Celle/Germany through "Kurdish Information Bureaus", or "Kurdish Culture Centers". The statements of some of the abducted children, as well as press and police reports reveal that the PKKkidnapped these youngsters, took them to its camps, located in some other west European countries, and forced them into training as terrorist militants. The Turkish authorities spared no effort in drawing the attention of the west European countries to such criminal and illegal activities of the PKK, but unfortunately their calls to prevent these activities usually fell on deaf ears. The complaints of the children’s families, however, attracted the attention of the public and thus created a strong reaction towards what the PKK and its affiliates have in fact been doing for years. The police in Sweden and Germany are now investigating the matter.
Terrorism constitutes today one of the most serious violations of human rights, in particular the fundamental right to life. By murdering thousands of people, the PKK has violated the right to life. Therefore, all the PKK terrorists, including their head Öcalan,
must answer in the court of law for their crimes.
All societies threatened by terrorism have the right to take appropriate measures to protect themselves from violence and to eradicate terrorism. Turkey’s fight against the PKK terrorism is of this nature and aims not only to maintain security and to protect its citizens, but also to pave the way for economic and social development in the regions where this is needed most. This fight against terrorism observes democratic principles and the rule of law, with great care being given to respect the rights of innocent civilians.
Who is Abdullah Öcalan ?
Abdullah Öcalan was born in the province of Sanliurfa in 1949. He speaks Turkish and has only a poor grasp of some Kurdish dialects. He had a conventional education and his original wish was to be an officer in the Turkish Army. He failed the entrance examination for the military academy. He did, however, gain admission in 1971 to the Ankara University Political Sciences Faculty. There, he joined the underground movements trying to overthrow Turkey’s parliamentary system. He was expelled from the university for non-attendance and his illegal activities.
The cell of terrorists which he controlled soon broke links with other groups. It was known for its use of extreme violence and the "Apocu’s" (Followers of Abdullah Öcalan), as the PKK was called in its early days, had a special trademark: they hacked off the
noses of their opponents. In the late 1970’s, Öcalan collaborated closely with the Soviet Union and with Syria which were attempting to create political turmoil in Turkey. In 1980, Öcalan fled to Syria. He began to use Syrian facilities, including camps in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanese territory under Syrian control, to train terrorist groups for crossborder terrorist attacks against targets in Turkey. He started to inject an ethnic dimension to his terrorist activities, though this usually had to be imposed on local populations by violent means, including the kidnapping young men at gun point and then forcing them to undergo indoctrination and join his movement. In August 1984, Öcalan’s terrorist groups began attacking Turkish police stations and similar targets in the southeastern provinces north of the border with Syria and Iraq.
The PKK operates along the familiar lines of traditional communist parties and carries out terrorist activities under the rigid direction of its Central Committee. Both its "political" and "military" wings are controlled directly by Öcalan. As its sole head, Öcalan, has callously masterminded thousands of PKK’s terrorist activities against Turkey and its people. As such, he has been responsible for thousands of deaths, kidnappings, mutilations and attacks on innocent people during his long years as a Professional terrorist and murderer.
In October 1998, Turkey warned Syria that it would take action unless it ceased its support for Öcalan and PKK terrorism. It formally requested the extradition of Öcalan to Turkey. As a result, Öcalan was compelled to leave Syria where he had been given shelter for almost two decades. Furthermore, by an agreement signed between the two countries on October 20, 1998 in Adana/Turkey, the Syrian Government for the first time designated the PKK as a terrorist organization, and pledged not to allow the presence and the activities of the PKK on its territory. Later, Öcalan was forced to leave Moscow, where he had escaped from Syria, following political and diplomatic contacts between Turkey and the Russian Federation.
Öcalan was apprehended in Rome while trying to illegally enter Italy with a false passport on November 12, 1998. As the British Government put it, Öcalan’s arrest was "a significant advance in the international community’s fight against terrorism."
Öcalan is not only a terrorist but also a common criminal, being sought by the Turkish courts under charges of homicide and incitement to homicide. There is thus a red corner bulletin for him issued by the Interpol. In accordance with a court decision given in 1990, Germany also had an arrest warrant on Öcalan again for homicide and incitement to homicide. All democratic, law-abiding countries as well as international institutions are obligated to take a consistent and firm stance in combating terrorism and bringing terrorists to justice. Under obligations and commitments within the framework of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the OSCE, the NATO, and the EU, no country or government can provide terrorists with safe-haven or evade its responsibilities in the efforts to eliminate terrorism. Therefore, Öcalan should never be granted political asylum anywhere and he has to be extradited to Turkey to face trial for his crimes against Turkish citizens.
PKK’s Involvement in Organized Crimes
The PKK engages in organized crimes such as drug trafficking and arms smuggling, extortion, human smuggling, abduction of children and money laundering in an attempt to recruit militants and to obtain financial resources needed to carry out its terrorist activities.
The "Sputnik Operation" conducted in a coordinated fashion in some European countries in September 1996 exposed PKK’s links with organized crime and money laundering activities.
On the other hand, it is known that the PKK, together with other organized crime gangs, is also behind the recent wave of illegal immigration to Italy. PKK’s objective is to create international pressure and antipathy against Turkey.
Moreover, the PKK plays an important role in drug trafficking which constitutes one of the most evil crimes of our age. The British weekly magazine "The Spectator" underlined this fact in its 28 November-5 December 1998 issue by saying that "…According to the British security services sources the PKK is responsible for 40 percent of the heroin sold in the European Union…" .
Drug Trafficking and Terrorist Organizations
All terrorist organizations need to raise funds to sustain their violent activities and resort to illegal means to finance their crimes. Drug trafficking comes at the top of this list of illegal money raising activities, followed by robbery, extortion, kidnapping, blackmailing and arms smuggling.
In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that terrorism and drug trafficking are intertwined. The terms "narco-terrorism" and "narco-terrorists" have started to gain circulation in describing the link between terrorist organizations and narcotics smugglers. This fact is illustrated by certain
- (Con'td) What is the PKK ? Who is Abdullah Öcalan ? —Tahir D. OB, Mon Feb 27 02:33
- (Con'td) What is the PKK ? Who is Abdullah Öcalan ? —Tahir D. OB, Mon Feb 27 02:36
- (Con'td) What is the PKK ? Who is Abdullah Öcalan ? —Tahir D. OB, Mon Feb 27 02:44
Message Board by American Patriot Friends Network [APFN]
